History Channel Sun Tzus the Art of War Subtitle
11: Nine Grounds
According to the rule of armed forces operations, there are nine kinds of grounds. Where local interests fight among themselves on their own territory, this is called a ground of dissolution. 
When you enter others' land but not deeply this is chosen low-cal basis.
Country that would exist advantageous to you if you got it and to opponents if they got it is called ground of contention.
State where yous and others tin can come and go is called a trafficked ground.
Land that is surrounded on three sides by competitors and would give the showtime to become it access to all the people on the continent is chosen intersecting ground.
When yous enter deeply into others' land, past many cities and towns, this is called heavy basis.
When y'all traverse mountain forests, steep defiles, marshes, or any route difficult to travel, this is called bad ground.
When the way in is narrow and the way out is circuitous, so a modest enemy force can strike you, even though your footing.
When you volition survive if you fight speedily and perish if you do not, this is chosen dying ground.
So allow there be not battle on a footing of dissolution, let there be no stopping on light ground, let at that place exist no attack on a ground of contention, allow in that location be no cutting off of trafficked ground. On intersecting footing form communications, on heavy basis plunder, on bad footing keep going, on surrounded footing make plans, on dying footing fight.
Those who are called the good militarists of onetime could make opponents lose contact between front and dorsum lines, lose reliability between large and small groups, lose mutual concern for the welfare of the different social classes amongst them, lose mutual accommodation between the rulers and the ruled, lose enlistments among the soldiers, lose coherence within the armies. They went into action when it was advantageous, stopped when it was non.
It may be asked, when a large, well-organized opponent is about to come up to you, how practise you lot deal with it? The answer is that you get-go take abroad what they like, and so they volition listen to you.
The status of a military force is that its essential factor is speed, taking advantage of others' failure to catch up, going by routes they practice not expect, attacking where they are not on guard.
In general, the design of invasion is that invaders become more than intense the farther they enter alien territory, to the point where the native rulership cannot overcome them.
Glean from rich fields, and the armies will have enough to eat. Accept care of your health and avoid stress, consolidate your energy and build upwards your strength. maneuver your troops and assess strategies so as to be unfathomable.
Put them in a spot where they take no place to go, and they volition die before fleeing. If they are to die there, what can they not do? Warriors exert their total forcefulness. When warriors are in great danger, then they take no fright. When at that place is nowhere to become they are house, when they are deeply involved they stick to it. If they have no choice, they will fight.
For this reason the soldiers are alert without existence drilled, enlist without being drafted, are friendly without treaties, are trustworthy without commands.
Prohibit omens to become rid of doubt, and soldiers will never leave you lot. If your soldiers take no extra goods, it is not that they dislike textile appurtenances. If they have no more life, it is not that they do not want to live long. On the mean solar day the lodge to march goes out, the soldiers weep.
So a good military functioning should be similar a swift snake that counters with its tail when someone strikes at its head, counters with its caput when someone strikes at its tail, and counters with both head and tail when someone strikes at its middle.
The question may be asked, tin a military force exist made to be similar this swift snake? The answer is that i can. Even people who dislike each other, if in the same boat, will help each other out in trouble.
Therefore, tethered horses and buried wheels are non sufficently reliable.
To even out bravery and brand it compatible is the Tao of organization. To be successful with both the difficult and soft is based on the design of the basis.
Therefore those skilled in military machine operations attain cooperation in a group so that directing the grouping is like directing a single individual with no other choice.
The business of the general is quiet and undercover, fair and orderly.
He can keep the soldiers unaware, make them ignorant.
He changes his actions and revises his plans, then that people will non recognize them. He changes his abode and goes by a circuitous road, so that people cannot anticipate him.
When a leader establishes a goal with the troops, he is similar one who climbs upward to a high identify and so tosses away the ladder. When a leader enters deeply into enemy territory with the troops, eh brings out their potential. He has them burn down the boats and destroy the pots, drives them similar sheep, none knowing where they are going.
To assemble armies and put them into dangerous situations is the business concern of generals. Adaptations to different grounds, advantages of contraction and expansion, patterns of human feelings and conditions -- these must be examined.
Generally, the way it is with invaders is that they unite when deep in enemy territory but are decumbent to dissolve while on the fringes. When you exit your land and cross the edge on a war machine functioning, that is isolated ground. When information technology is attainable from all directions, it is trafficked ground. When penetration is deep, that is heavy footing. When penetration is shallow, that is light basis. When your back is to an impassable fastness and earlier you are narrow straits, that is surrounded ground. When in that location is nowhere to become, that is mortiferous ground.
So on a footing of dissolution, I would unify the minds of the troops. On light ground, I would have them proceed in touch on. On a ground of contention, I would have them follow up quickly. On an intersecting ground, I would be conscientious about defense. On a trafficked ground, I would make alliances firm. On heavy ground, I would ensure continuous supplies. On bad ground, I would urge them onward. On surrounded basis, I would close up the gaps. On deadly ground, I would point to them there is no surviving.
So the psychology of soldiers is to resist when surrounded, fight when it cannot be avoided, and obey in extremes.
Therefore those who practice not know the plans of competitors cannot ready alliances. Those who practise not know the lay of the state cannot maneuver their forces. Those who do not employ local guides cannot have advantage of the ground. The military of an effective rulership must know all these things.
When the military of an effective rulership attacks a large state, the people cannot unite. When its power overwhelms opponents, alliances cannot come together.
Therefore if you do not compete for alliances anywhere, do not foster authority anywhere, simply just extend your personal influence, threatening opponents, this makes town and country vulnerable.
Requite out rewards that are not in the rules, give out directives that are non in the code.
Utilize the unabridged armed forces like employing a single person. Employ them with bodily tasks, practise non talk to them. Motivate them with benefits, do not tell them about harm.
Face up them with annihilation, and they will so survive; plunge them into a deadly situation, and they will and then live. When people fall into danger, they are and so able to strive for victory.
So the task of a military operation is to accord deceptively with the intentions of the enemy. If you concentrate totally on the enemy, you can kill its military leadership a thousand miles away. This is skillful achievement of the chore.
So on the mean solar day war is declared, borders are closed, passports are torn up, and emissaries are not let through.
Matters are dealt with strictly at headquarters.
When opponents present openings, you should penetrate them immediately. Get to what they want showtime, subtly conceptualize them. Maintain subject field and adapt to the enemy in order ot determine the outcome of the war. Thus, at first you are like a maiden, and then the enemy opens his door; then you are like a rabbit on the loose, so the enemy cannot keep you out.
Source: http://web.mit.edu/~dcltdw/AOW/11.html
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